Introduction As envisioned by the Constitution of Nepal, 2015, Nepal has adopted a full federal governance structure. According to Article 56 of the Constitution, provisions have been made for the formation of three levels of government. These include the Federal Government at the center, seven Provincial Governments, and 753 Local Governments. The Constitution of Nepal, 2015 clearly defines the powers, duties, and working procedures of all three levels of government. Accordingly, under the Ministry of Agriculture, Food Technology and Land Management of Lumbini Province, the Veterinary Hospital and Livestock Service Expert Center has been established in Nawalparasi District under the Directorate of Livestock and Fisheries Development. Under the provincial government, this office functions as the only governmental technical entity at the district level in the livestock and fisheries sector. In this district, where agriculture is the main occupation, this office was initially established in B.S. 2037 as a “Veterinary Unit” with the objective of advancing livestock farming through modern technology. In Ashadh 2039 B.S., this unit was upgraded to a “Veterinary Hospital.” From Shrawan 2045 B.S., the hospital was established as the “District Livestock Service Branch.” Later, from Shrawan 2049 B.S., the branch was merged with the horticulture branch and integrated as the “District Agriculture Development Office.” As this integration did not yield positive outcomes within three years, a separate “District Livestock Service Office” was established on Shrawan 1, 2052 B.S. After the implementation of federalism in the country, on Bhadra 24, 2075 B.S., the office was restructured as the Veterinary Hospital and Livestock Service Expert Center, Contact Center, Nawalparasi. However, realizing that effective service delivery was not being achieved in Nawalparasi District through this arrangement, the Veterinary Hospital and Livestock Service Expert Center, Nawalparasi was re-established by the decision of the Lumbini Province Government Council of Ministers on Mangsir 16, 2078 B.S. • To increase production and productivity through land consolidation. • To develop an environment based on the “One Health Approach” and reduce livestock and poultry diseases. • To conserve and promote local and indigenous agricultural and livestock breeds and ensure the conservation and utilization of biodiversity. • To improve farmers’ living standards by promoting employment through livestock and fisheries farming. Objectives • To modernize and commercialize the livestock, poultry, and fisheries sector to ensure food and nutrition security, promote industries, and create an environment for export. • To ensure integrated service delivery in livestock services and animal health sectors and develop large-scale production areas. • To implement livestock, poultry, and fisheries-related programs targeting single women, indigenous peoples, ethnic groups, Dalits, and other marginalized communities. • To increase production and productivity through land consolidation. • To develop an environment based on the “One Health Approach” and reduce livestock and poultry diseases. • To conserve and promote local and indigenous agricultural and livestock breeds and ensure the conservation and utilization of biodiversity. • To promote employment through livestock and fisheries farming to improve farmers’ living standards. • To ensure nutrition and food security and significantly reduce poverty in the province. • To operate and regulate veterinary services in the district. • To regulate the quality of production inputs used in livestock farming (medicines, biological substances, hormones, pesticides), livestock, poultry, hatcheries, and other animal-based industries in accordance with prevailing laws. • To manage livestock and poultry-related epidemics, outbreaks, and disasters. • To coordinate the management of buffer stock (reserves) of essential medicines, vaccines, and disease control equipment/materials required for epidemic control and disaster management. • To carry out activities related to fish disease control. Responsibilities of the Center • To support food and nutrition security by making the district self-reliant in clean and quality livestock, poultry, and fisheries production. • To achieve high and broad-based economic growth by modernizing and commercializing livestock and fisheries farming. • To make livestock and fisheries businesses competitive, ensure district self-reliance in livestock and fisheries products, and promote exports.